HOW TO MAKE A PCB - TONER TRANSFER METHOD

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electronic on off switch with only 2 transistors

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the above circuit is a simple but very usefull electronic switch that allows you with a press of a tactile button to switch on or off a load.output current that the circuit can handle depends from the mosfet q2 you use. the circuit is ideal for small projects like a diy led flashlight that you dont want to use a mechanical switch and make it look more professional..i used it to make many flashlights and i designed a small pcb with smd components to fit around the tactile button so you can mount it directly to your project. transistor q1 is not critical and you can use any generic pnp transistor you have laying around. combined with a relay at the output you can make it to switch on-off the output of a bench power supply or an electronic load(i will publish both in the near future).in my tests it can operate from 3.5-25 volts again depending the q2 you are using. pcb and photos coming soon..... q1 can be replaced with:2N3906 - BC557 - BC857 and many more... q2 may be r...
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low battery indicator circuit

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this is a very usefull circuit if you're building projects powered by batteries.this simple circuit informs you when the battery needs to be recharged by turning on a led.the threshold is set to the desired voltage by a multiturn potentiometer. the only thing you should have in mind is that it doesnt work with red led's,at least with the ones i tryied. i think it has something to do with the very low voltage that red led's need to lit.didnt have the time to experiment further.besides that,the circuit works perfect. components needed: R1= 1k (2,2k if you use smd led) R2= 2.2K U2= TL431 adjustable shunt regulator(can be found very easy in power supplies) PR1=10K potentiometer (for higher precision use multiturn)  LED1= led (not red-didnt work with me) here is a video building it.
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